Evaluation of demographic, clinical characteristics, severity, and clinical evolution of viral conjunctivitis at Eye Department of KCMC from January to May 2024

Abstract

Background: Viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye infection affecting the cornea and conjunctiva, causing significant discomfort and visual impairment.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity, and clinical evolution of viral conjunctivitis.

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) Eye Department. Data collected from patient medical records, focusing on demographics, clinical presentations, diagnoses, and initial treatments over a five-month period. The study included all patients with hyperemic conjunctiva, while excluding those with a history of ocular trauma or features of bacterial/allergic conjunctivitis.

Results: A total of 57 participants were included, with a notable predominance of females (66.7%) and a significant representation of individuals aged between 50 and 64 years (29.82%). The overall mean age of participants was 39.72 years (SD = 16.17). Most patients were from the Kilimanjaro region (84.2%), particularly the Longuo ward (19.3%). Clinically, all participants exhibited redness of the eye, with other prevalent symptoms including excess tearing (94.7%), foreign body sensation (93%), and eye pain/irritation (91.2%). Severity classification indicated that 54.39% of cases were mild, with no statistically significant associations found between the severity of VC and age or gender. A comprehensive treatment approach was observed, with all patients receiving antibiotics, while 80.7% were treated with steroids.

Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiological patterns and clinical manifestations of viral conjunctivitis in the Kilimanjaro region. Moreover, the observed seasonal variations in incidence highlight the importance of timely awareness campaigns to enhance diagnosis and management strategies.