Beyond childhood: A case report of unilateral retinoblastoma in an atypical age group

Abstract

Retinoblastoma, a rare paediatric retinal cancer, is exceptionally uncommon in adults, with over 90% of cases diagnosed before age five. This case report describes a 17-year-old male from Kenya who presented with a twomonth history of right eye swelling, vision loss, and pain. Initially misdiagnosed and treated traditionally, he was later evaluated at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Imaging and biopsy confirmed unilateral retinoblastoma, a rarity at his age. The patient underwent high-dose chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy, achieving significant tumour reduction. This highlights the potential for effective treatment in late-presenting retinoblastoma with aggressive management. The case underscores the importance of clinical suspicion in atypical age groups and the impact of socioeconomic and healthcare access disparities on outcomes. Retinoblastoma, though rare in adults, should be considered when symptoms align, enabling early detection and intervention.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.